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The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence

1996-12-12 Science
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Release : 1996-12-12
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 404/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council. This book was released on 1996-12-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.

DNA Technology in Forensic Science

1992-02-01 Science
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Release : 1992-02-01
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 878/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis DNA Technology in Forensic Science by : National Research Council

Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council. This book was released on 1992-02-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.

Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation

2016-04-21 Law
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Release : 2016-04-21
Genre : Law
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 927/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation by : John S. Buckleton

Download or read book Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation written by John S. Buckleton. This book was released on 2016-04-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation is the most comprehensive resource for DNA casework available today. Written by leaders in the fields of biology and statistics, including a contribution from Peter Gill, the father of DNA analysis, the book emphasizes the interpretation of test results and provides the necessary formulae in an easily accessible manner. This latest edition is fully updated and includes current and emerging techniques in this fast-moving field. The book begins by reviewing all pertinent biology, and then provides information on every aspect of DNA analysis. This includes modern interpretation methods and contemporary population genetic models available for estimating DNA frequencies or likelihood ratios. Following a chapter on procedures for validating databases, the text presents overviews and performance assessments of both modern sampling uncertainty methods and current paternity testing techniques, including new guidelines on paternity testing in alignment with the International Society for Forensic Genetics. Later chapters discuss the latest methods for mixture analysis, LCN (ultra trace) analysis and non-autosomal (mito, X, and Y) DNA analysis. The text concludes with an overview of procedures for disaster victim identification and information on DNA intelligence databases. Highlights of the second edition include: New information about PCR processes, heterozygote balance and back and forward stuttering New information on the interpretation of low template DNA, drop models and continuous models Additional coverage of lineage marker subpopulation effects, mixtures and combinations with autosomal markers This authoritative book provides a link among the biological, forensic, and interpretative domains of the DNA profiling field. It continues to serve as an invaluable resource that allows forensic scientists, technicians, molecular biologists and attorneys to use forensic DNA evidence to its greatest potential.

Misleading DNA Evidence

2014-06-18 Social Science
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Release : 2014-06-18
Genre : Social Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 202/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Misleading DNA Evidence by : Peter Gill

Download or read book Misleading DNA Evidence written by Peter Gill. This book was released on 2014-06-18. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Misleading DNA Evidence: A Guide for Scientists, Judges, and Lawyers presents the reasons miscarriages of justice can occur when dealing with DNA, what the role of the forensic scientist is throughout the process, and how judges and lawyers can educate themselves about all of the possibilities to consider when dealing with cases that involve DNA evidence. DNA has become the gold standard by which a person can be placed at the scene of a crime, and the past decade has seen great advances in this powerful crime solving tool. But the statistics that analysts can attach to DNA evidence often vary, and in some cases the statistical weight assigned to that match, can vary enormously. The numbers provided to juries often overstate the evidence, and can result in a wrongful conviction. In addition to statistics, the way the evidence is collected, stored and analyzed can also result in a wrongful conviction due to contamination. This book reviews high-profile and somewhat contentious cases to illustrate these points, including the death of Meredith Kercher. It examines crucial topics such as characterization of errors and determination of error rates, reporting DNA profiles and the source and sub-source levels, and the essentials of statement writing. It is a concise, readable resource that will help not only scientists, but legal professionals with limited scientific backgrounds, to understand the intricacies of DNA use in the justice system. Ideal reference for scientists and for those without extensive scientific backgrounds Written by one of the pioneers in forensic DNA typing and interpretation of DNA profiling results Ideal format for travel, court environments, or wherever easy access to reference material is vital

DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System

2015-12-04
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Release : 2015-12-04
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Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 267/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System by : M. Smith

Download or read book DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System written by M. Smith. This book was released on 2015-12-04. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System discusses the legal issues associated with DNA evidence, ranging from crime scene collection and DNA databases through to its use in criminal trials and appeals. This integrated text explains important legal issues associated with DNA evidence that have developed alongside the science. While there are a number of books available that discuss DNA evidence from a forensic science perspective, this text is one of the few worldwide to focus on these issues from a legal perspective. A wide range of legal issues are discussed, including those associated with the collection of DNA evidence at the crime scene, laboratory analysis, creation of DNA profiles, use of DNA databases, the presentation of DNA evidence at trial, and the use of DNA in the review of convictions and acquittals. Forensic procedures legislation is reviewed, as well as key cases relevant to each of these topics. The text also includes a comparative discussion of developments in key jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom and United States, providing context for current and potential future developments in Australia. It is intended that this book will be an authority on DNA evidence and the law in Australia and an important reference for those studying, working with or researching the topic. This includes professionals such as lawyers, researchers, police, laboratory scientists, policymakers and expert witnesses who work in the criminal justice system, as well as students of law, criminology, criminal justice and forensic science.

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