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Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers

2000-05-30 Psychology
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Release : 2000-05-30
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 542/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers written by Morton Wagman. This book was released on 2000-05-30. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wagman offers a critical analysis of current theory and research in the psychological and computational sciences, directed toward the elucidation of scientific discovery processes and structures. It discusses human scientific discovery processes, analyzes computer scientific discovery processes, and makes a comparative evaluation of the two. This work examines the scientific reasoning of the discoverers of the inhibition mechanism of gene control; scientific discovery heuristics used at different developmental levels; artificial intelligence and mathematical discovery; the ECHO system; the evolution of artificial intelligence discovery systems; the PAULI system; and the KEKADA system. It concludes with an examination of the extent to which computational discovery systems can emulate a set of 10 types of scientific problems.

Scientific Discovery

1987 Computers
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Release : 1987
Genre : Computers
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 529/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Discovery by : Pat Langley

Download or read book Scientific Discovery written by Pat Langley. This book was released on 1987. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific discovery is often regarded as romantic and creative--and hence unanalyzable--whereas the everyday process of verifying discoveries is sober and more suited to analysis. Yet this fascinating exploration of how scientific work proceeds argues that however sudden the moment of discovery may seem, the discovery process can be described and modeled. Using the methods and concepts of contemporary information-processing psychology (or cognitive science) the authors develop a series of artificial-intelligence programs that can simulate the human thought processes used to discover scientific laws. The programs--BACON, DALTON, GLAUBER, and STAHL--are all largely data-driven, that is, when presented with series of chemical or physical measurements they search for uniformities and linking elements, generating and checking hypotheses and creating new concepts as they go along. Scientific Discovery examines the nature of scientific research and reviews the arguments for and against a normative theory of discovery; describes the evolution of the BACON programs, which discover quantitative empirical laws and invent new concepts; presents programs that discover laws in qualitative and quantitative data; and ties the results together, suggesting how a combined and extended program might find research problems, invent new instruments, and invent appropriate problem representations. Numerous prominent historical examples of discoveries from physics and chemistry are used as tests for the programs and anchor the discussion concretely in the history of science.

Machine Discovery

2013-03-09 Psychology
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Release : 2013-03-09
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 246/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Machine Discovery by : Jan Zytkow

Download or read book Machine Discovery written by Jan Zytkow. This book was released on 2013-03-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human and machine discovery are gradual problem-solving processes of searching large problem spaces for incompletely defined goal objects. Research on problem solving has usually focused on searching an `instance space' (empirical exploration) and a `hypothesis space' (generation of theories). In scientific discovery, searching must often extend to other spaces as well: spaces of possible problems, of new or improved scientific instruments, of new problem representations, of new concepts, and others. This book focuses especially on the processes for finding new problem representations and new concepts, which are relatively new domains for research on discovery. Scientific discovery has usually been studied as an activity of individual investigators, but these individuals are positioned in a larger social structure of science, being linked by the `blackboard' of open publication (as well as by direct collaboration). Even while an investigator is working alone, the process is strongly influenced by knowledge and skills stored in memory as a result of previous social interactions. In this sense, all research on discovery, including the investigations on individual processes discussed in this book, is social psychology, or even sociology.

Problem-Solving Processes in Humans and Computers

2002 Business & Economics
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Release : 2002
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Problem-Solving Processes in Humans and Computers by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Problem-Solving Processes in Humans and Computers written by Morton Wagman. This book was released on 2002. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wagman gives a broad, structured, and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in both psychological and computational theories of the nature of problem- solving. Known for originating the PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System, psychologist Wagman is the author of 17 books, including Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers (Praeger, 2000). In this book, Professor Emeritus Morton Wagman gives a broad, structured, and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in both psychological and computational theories of the nature of problem solving. Known for originating the PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System, psychologist Wagman is the author of 17 books, including Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers, (Praeger, 2000) Of special interest to readers will be Wagman's conclusion that artificial intelligence problem-solving systems are deepening and broadening theories of human problem solving from scientific to everyday approaches. Scholars and professionals in psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science will consider this a volume a valuable addition to their collections.

Problem-Solving Processes in Humans and Computers

2002 Business & Economics
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Author :
Release : 2002
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Problem-Solving Processes in Humans and Computers by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Problem-Solving Processes in Humans and Computers written by Morton Wagman. This book was released on 2002. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wagman gives a broad, structured, and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in both psychological and computational theories of the nature of problem- solving. Known for originating the PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System, psychologist Wagman is the author of 17 books, including Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers (Praeger, 2000). In this book, Professor Emeritus Morton Wagman gives a broad, structured, and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in both psychological and computational theories of the nature of problem solving. Known for originating the PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System, psychologist Wagman is the author of 17 books, including Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers, (Praeger, 2000) Of special interest to readers will be Wagman's conclusion that artificial intelligence problem-solving systems are deepening and broadening theories of human problem solving from scientific to everyday approaches. Scholars and professionals in psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science will consider this a volume a valuable addition to their collections.

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