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Reasoning Backward

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Author :
Release : 2013-04
Genre : Holmes, Sherlock (Fictitious character)
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 309/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning Backward by : Gregg Young

Download or read book Reasoning Backward written by Gregg Young. This book was released on 2013-04. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able to reason backward" Holmes explained. "That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practice it much..." Most problem solvers reason forward from cause to effect. They brainstorm root causes by asking, "What could be the root causes?" Then they start guessing, which is slow and ineffective. This approach rarely finds every root cause, so it rarely develops complete solutions. The best strategy reasons backward from effect to cause, using Sherlock Holmes' strategy of observation and deduction. Problem solvers ask, "What is different when problems occur?" Reasoning backward is four times more effective than reasoning forward. One set of problem-solving tools based on Holmes' strategy delivers superior results, but it is not well known. This book introduces Holmes' strategy and these tools for the first time. Now, anyone can become an exceptional problem solver.

Reasoning Backwards

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Author :
Release : 2011-03
Genre : Problem solving
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 354/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning Backwards by : Gregg Young

Download or read book Reasoning Backwards written by Gregg Young. This book was released on 2011-03. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American schools don't teach students how to solve problems, but ever since 2008, Japanese schools do.Fortunately for America, there are two strategies for solving problems, and the Japanese strategy reasons forwards from cause to effect. They brainstorm root causes by asking, "What COULD BE the root causes?" Then, they start guessing, which is slow and ineffective. This approach rarely finds every root cause, so it rarely develops complete solutions.The better approach reasons backwards from effect to cause, using Sherlock Holmes' strategy of Observation and Deduction. Problem solvers ask, "What IS different when problems occur?" They observe the situation to discover clues that quickly identify every root cause, which leads to complete solutions. Reasoning backwards is 4 times more effective than reasoning forwards.One set of problem solving tools based on Holmes' strategy delivers superior results, but it has never been taught in school. Now, this book introduces Holmes' strategy and these tools to students. For the first time, students can leave school prepared to be world-class problem solvers.

Foundations of Rational Agency

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Author :
Release : 2013-03-09
Genre : Philosophy
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 047/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Rational Agency by : Michael Wooldridge

Download or read book Foundations of Rational Agency written by Michael Wooldridge. This book was released on 2013-03-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an advanced, comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of the field of rational agency as it stands today. It covers the philosophical foundations of rational agency, logical and decision-theoretic approaches to rational agency, multi-agent aspects of rational agency and a number of approaches to programming rational agents. It will be of interest to researchers in logic, mainstream computer science, the philosophy of rational action and agency, and economics.

The Sherlock Effect

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Author :
Release : 2018-04-20
Genre : Law
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 828/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Sherlock Effect by : Thomas W. Young

Download or read book The Sherlock Effect written by Thomas W. Young. This book was released on 2018-04-20. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic science is in crisis and at a cross-roads. Movies and television dramas depict forensic heroes with high-tech tools and dazzling intellects who—inside an hour, notwithstanding commercials—piece together past-event puzzles from crime scenes and autopsies. Likewise, Sherlock Holmes—the iconic fictional detective, and the invention of forensic doctor Sir Arthur Conan Doyle—is held up as a paragon of forensic and scientific inspiration—does not "reason forward" as most people do, but "reasons backwards." Put more plainly, rather than learning the train of events and seeing whether the resultant clues match those events, Holmes determines what happened in the past by looking at the clues. Impressive and infallible as this technique appears to be—it must be recognized that infallibility lies only in works of fiction. Reasoning backward does not work in real life: reality is far less tidy. In courtrooms everywhere, innocent people pay the price of life imitating art, of science following detective fiction. In particular, this book looks at the long and disastrous shadow cast by that icon of deductive reasoning, Sherlock Holmes. In The Sherlock Effect, author Dr. Thomas W. Young shows why this Sherlock-Holmes-style reasoning does not work and, furthermore, how it can—and has led—to wrongful convictions. Dr. Alan Moritz, one of the early pioneers of forensic pathology in the United States, warned his colleagues in the 1950’s about making the Sherlock Holmes error. Little did Moritz realize how widespread the problem would eventually become, involving physicians in all other specialties of medicine and not just forensic pathologists. Dr. Young traces back how this situation evolved, looking back over the history of forensic medicine, revealing the chilling degree to which forensic experts fail us every day. While Dr. Young did not want to be the one to write this book, he has felt compelled in the interest of science and truth. This book is measured, well-reasoned, accessible, insightful, and—above all—compelling. As such, it is a must-read treatise for forensic doctors, forensic practitioners and students, judges, lawyers adjudicating cases in court, and anyone with an interest in forensic science.

The Animate and the Inanimate

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Author :
Release : 1925
Genre : Black holes (Astronomy)
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Animate and the Inanimate by : William James Sidis

Download or read book The Animate and the Inanimate written by William James Sidis. This book was released on 1925. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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