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Author : Jaime F. Mata
Release : 2007
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Diffusion MRI with Hyperpolarized Gases to Evaluate the Severity and Progression of Emphysema by : Jaime F. Mata
Download or read book Diffusion MRI with Hyperpolarized Gases to Evaluate the Severity and Progression of Emphysema written by Jaime F. Mata. This book was released on 2007. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jaime Mata
Release : 2008-04-01
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 367/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Hyperpolarized Gas MRI to Evaluate Emphysema by : Jaime Mata
Download or read book Hyperpolarized Gas MRI to Evaluate Emphysema written by Jaime Mata. This book was released on 2008-04-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterized by destruction of distal parenchymal airspaces, emphysema is a good candidate for the application of new magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion imaging techniques that use hyperpolarized helium-3 (He-3) and xenon-129 (Xe-129) gases to probe the restricted diffusion of gas in the lung. Besides the importance of detecting and diagnosing emphysema at early stages, which could reduce disease severity and maximize the effectiveness of treatment, the scientific community also needs a better biomarker for emphysema with a higher sensitivity than the gold standard, pulmonary function tests, and without the ionizing radiation of computed tomography. A primary goal of this project was to create a reproducible animal model of emphysema disease, and with it demonstrate the efficacy, sensitivity and reproducibility of hyperpolarized He-3 and Xe-129 diffusion (ADC) measurements. Both He-3 and Xe-129 ADC measurements demonstrated excellent reproducibility, and strong correlations were found between these values and the distal airspace size as measured by lung morphometry. The last goal of this project was to investigate the characteristics of diffusion sensitization based on multiple bipolar gradient waveforms, which have the potential to extend access to much shorter diffusion times.
Author : Miranda Kirby
Release : 2013
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Pulmonary Structure and Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Evaluated Using Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Magnetic Resononance Imaging by : Miranda Kirby
Download or read book Pulmonary Structure and Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Evaluated Using Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Magnetic Resononance Imaging written by Miranda Kirby. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide and accounts for the highest rate of hospital admission s in Canada . The need for sensitive regional and surrogate measurements of lung structure and function in COPD continues to motivate the development of non-radiation based and sensitive imaging approaches, such as hyperpolarized helium-3 (3 He) and xenon-129 (129 Xe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The static ventilation images acquired using these approaches allows us to directly visualize lung regions accessed by the hyperpolarized gas during a breath-hold, as well as quantify the regions without signal referred to as the percentage of the thoracic cavity occupied by ventilation defects (VDP). The lung micro-structure can also be probed using diffusion-weighted imaging which takes advantage of the rapid diffusion of 3 He and 129 Xe atoms to generate surrogate measurements of alveolar size, referred to as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Here we evaluated COPD lung structure and function using hyperpolarized gas MRI measurements longitudinally, following treatment and in early disease. In COPD ex-smokers, we demonstrated 3 He VDP and ADC worsened significantly in only 2 years although there was no change in age-matched healthy volunteers, suggestive of disease progression. We also evaluated COPD ex-smokers pre - and post - bronchodilator and showed regional improvements in gas distribution following bronchodilator therapy regardless of spirometry-based responder classification ; the ADC measured in these same COPD ex-smokers also revealed significant reductions in regional gas trapping post-bronchodilator. Although 3 He MRI has been more widely used, the limited global quantities necessitates the transition to hyperpo larized 129 Xe, and therefore we directly compared 3 He and 129 Xe MRI in the same COPD ex - smokers and showed significantly greater gas distribution abnormalities for 129 Xe compared to 3 He MRI that were spatially and significantly related to lung regions with elevated ADC . Finally, we demonstrated that ex - smokers with normal spirometry but abnormal diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D L CO) ha d significantly worse symptoms, exercise capacity and 3 He ADC than ex - smokers with normal D L CO . These important findings indicate that hyperpolarized gas MRI can be used to improve our understanding of lung structural and functional changes in COPD.
Author : Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
Release : 2008-11-12
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 18X/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis MRI of the Lung by : Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
Download or read book MRI of the Lung written by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor. This book was released on 2008-11-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade significant developments have been achieved in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling MRI to enter the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols can now be implemented on up-to-date scanners, allowing MRI to be used as a first-line imaging modality for various lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and even lung cancer. The diagnostic benefits stem from the ability of MRI to visualize changes in lung structure while simultaneously imaging different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function can be obtained. This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on benign diseases requiring regular monitoring, given that it is patients with these diseases who derive the greatest benefit from the avoidance of ionizing radiation.
Author : Yoshiharu Ohno
Release : 2020-12-11
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 393/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Pulmonary Functional Imaging by : Yoshiharu Ohno
Download or read book Pulmonary Functional Imaging written by Yoshiharu Ohno. This book was released on 2020-12-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the basics of pulmonary functional imaging using new CT and MR techniques and describes the clinical applications of these techniques in detail. The intention is to equip readers with a full understanding of pulmonary functional imaging that will allow optimal application of all relevant techniques in the assessment of a variety of diseases, including COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and pulmonary nodule. Pulmonary functional imaging has been promoted as a research and diagnostic tool that has the capability to overcome the limitations of morphological assessments as well as functional evaluation based on traditional nuclear medicine studies. The recent advances in CT and MRI and in medical image processing and analysis have given further impetus to pulmonary functional imaging and provide the basis for future expansion of its use in clinical applications. In documenting the utility of state-of-the-art pulmonary functional imaging in diagnostic radiology and pulmonary medicine, this book will be of high value for chest radiologists, pulmonologists, pulmonary surgeons, and radiation technologists.
