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The Boundary Flux Handbook

2014-12-23 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2014-12-23
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 993/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Boundary Flux Handbook by : Marco Stoller

Download or read book The Boundary Flux Handbook written by Marco Stoller. This book was released on 2014-12-23. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boundary Flux Handbook summarizes over 90 chemical compounds (single compounds, in mixed solution) and different feed streams from industry (complex streams exiting the agricultural, biological, pharmaceutical, food, dye, textile, etc. industries) and the respective critical and threshold fluxes (hereafter referred to the boundary flux), together with data on rejection and permeabilities. It gives the reader valuable data to quickly estimate membrane performances in respect to productivity, selectivity and longevity, and permits to estimate capital and operating costs of membrane processes during the plant design operations. The book is valuable for scientific researchers and chemical engineers working with membrane technology as a reference for lab work, membrane process design and control. For each specific feedstock, only the best performing membrane(s) are listed. At least one commercial membrane module and a maximum of 4 different choices were reported, in order to assure the possibility to easily integrate the proposed membranes into the systems by contacting the relevant commercial partner, and to define the best choice of the pretreatment steps, permitting quick membrane process optimization or revamping operations. This text summarizes over 100 chemical compounds, different feed streams from industry, and the respective critical and threshold fluxes It gives the reader valuable data to quickly estimate membrane performances in respect to productivity, selectivity and longevity For each studied feedstock, only the best performing membrane(s) are listed, including one commercial and a maximum of four different choices, to assure the possibility to easily integrate the proposed membranes into the systems by contacting the relevant commercial partner

The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction

2012-12-06 Science
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 054/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction by : B.A. Hutchison

Download or read book The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction written by B.A. Hutchison. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of meteorological phenomena upon forest produc tivity and forestry operations have been of concern for many years. With the evolution of system-level studies of forest eco system structure and function in the International Biological Program and elsewhere, more fundamental interactions between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere received scientific atten tion but the emphasis on meteorological and climatological effects on forest processes remained. More recently, as recogni tion has developed of potential and actual problems associated with the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition of airborne pollutants, the effects of forest canopies upon boundary-layer meteorological phenomena has come under scientific scrutiny. Looking to the future, with rising atmospheric con centrations of C02 and increasing competition for the finite fresh-water resources of the earth, interest in the role of forests in global C02 and water balances can also be expected to intensify. Thus, the nature of forest canopy-atmosphere interac tions, that is to say, the meteorological phenomena occurring in and above forest canopies, are of importance to a wide variety of scientific and social-issues. Demands for forest meteorological information currently exceed levels of knowledge and given the economic constraints of science in general and environmental sciences in particular, chances for major improvements in scien tific support in the near future are slim. Unfortunately, studies of environmental phenomena in and above forests are costly and logistically difficult. Trees, the ecological dominants of forest ecosystems, are the largest of all terrestrial organisms.

Flux-Corrected Transport

2006-01-27 Science
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Release : 2006-01-27
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 062/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Flux-Corrected Transport by : Dmitri Kuzmin

Download or read book Flux-Corrected Transport written by Dmitri Kuzmin. This book was released on 2006-01-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing students and researchers as well as CFD practitioners, this book describes the state of the art in the development of high-resolution schemes based on the Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) paradigm. Intended for readers who have a solid background in computational fluid dynamics, the book begins with historical notes by J.P. Boris and D.L. Book. Review articles that follow describe recent advances in the design of FCT algorithms as well as various algorithmic aspects. The topics addressed in the book and its main highlights include: the derivation and analysis of classical FCT schemes, with special emphasis on the underlying physical and mathematical constraints; flux limiting for hyperbolic systems; generalization of FCT to implicit time-stepping and finite element discretizations on unstructured meshes and its role as a subgrid scale model for Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) of turbulent flows. The proposed enhancements of the FCT methodology also comprise the prelimiting and 'failsafe' adjustment of antidiffusive fluxes, the use of characteristic variables, and iterative flux correction. The cause and cure of detrimental clipping/terracing effects are discussed. Many numerical examples are presented for academic test problems and large-scale applications alike.

Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating

2013-06-29 Science
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Release : 2013-06-29
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 55X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating by : Peter Ulmschneider

Download or read book Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating written by Peter Ulmschneider. This book was released on 2013-06-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the great problems of astrophysics is the unanswered question about the origin and mechanism of chromospheric and coronal heating. Just how these outer stellar envelopes are heated is of fundamental importance, since all stars have hot chromospheric and coronal shells where the temperature rises to millions of degrees, comparable to the temperatures in the stars' cores. Here for the first time is a comprehensive inventory of the proposed chromospheric and coronal heating theories. The proposed heating processes are critically compared, and the observational evidence for the various mechanisms is reviewed. This is essential reading for all those working in such fields as stellar activity, radio and XUV emission, rotation, and mass loss, for whom a detailed and consistent presentation of our knowledge of chromospheric and coronal heating mechanisms is urgently needed.

Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins

2010-02-11 Science
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Release : 2010-02-11
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 352/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins by : Kon-Kee Liu

Download or read book Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins written by Kon-Kee Liu. This book was released on 2010-02-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a product of the joint JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study)/LOICZ (Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) Continental Margins Task Team which was established to facilitate continental margins research in the two projects. It contains signi cant information on the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems of continental margins nationally and regionally and provides a very valuable synthesis of this information and the physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes which occur on continental margins. The publication of this book is timely as it provides a very strong foundation for the development of the joint IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Research)/LOICZ Science Plan and Implemen- tion Strategy for biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins and the impacts of global change on these systems. This initiative will move forward integrated biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins. We thank all the contributors to this volume and especially Kon-Kee Liu who has dedicated a great deal of time to ensuring a high-quality book is published. IMBER Scienti c Steering Committee Julie Hall LOICZ Scienti c Steering Committee Jozef Pacyna v 1 Preface In general, interfaces between the Earth’s larger material reservoirs (i. e. , the land, atmosphere, ocean, and sediments) are important in the control of the biogeoche- cal dynamics and cycling of the major bio-essential elements, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si), found in organic matter and the inorganic skeletons, shells, and tests of benthic and marine organisms.

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